Forniceal rupture secondary to acute ureteral obstruction is relatively common.However, spontaneous ureteral rupture is less frequently encountered.Most reported M Sandals cases were stone related, localized at the ureteropelvic junction and managed in a minimally invasive manner.We present a case of stone induced ureteral rupture below the UPJ, wi

Statistics mainly concerned with data that may be qualitative or quantitative.Earlier we have used the notion of statistics in Cloche the classical sense where we assign values that are crisp.But in reality, we find some areas where the crisp concept is not sufficient to solve the problem.So, it seems difficult to assign a definite value for each p

The highly potent botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) inhibits Wired Microphones neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions resulting in flaccid muscle paralysis, respiratory arrest and death.In order to reach their neuronal cell targets, BoNT/A must cross epithelial cell barriers lining the intestines and airways.The toxin is produce